\chapter{Symbian Milestones}
\label{chap:milestones}


1998:
\begin{itemize}
	\item Psion, Nokia and Ericsson announced that they would be joint owners of a new company, Symbian Ltd., and four months later Motorola bought a stake in Symbian.  \citep{WESTWOOD2, ANCARANI}
	\item David Wood was part of the founding team (Track 1: 1:00)
\end{itemize}


\noindent 1999:
\begin{itemize}
	\item Founded in 1999, Symbian Ltd. created the smartphone category \citep{WESTWOOD2}		
	\item Symbian started with 160 employees from Psion \citep{WESTWOOD2}	 
	\item In 1999, Matsushita (Panasonic) joined Symbian as both a shareholder and a licensee \citep{ANCARANI}	
	\item January 1999, Symbian joined with Oracle database to expand the range of business solutions for ``mobile enterprise computing.''  \citep{ANCARANI}	
	\item In April 1999, Symbian entered into an alliance with Sun Microsystems to allow for the development of applications in Java   \citep{ANCARANI}	
	\item During late 1999, Symbian entered into an agreement with NTT DoCoMo, the Japanese company that launched the successful I-mode mobile phone service. \citep{ANCARANI}	
\end{itemize}


\noindent 2000: 
\begin{itemize}
	\item Ericsson shipped the first Symbian-enabled phone, the R380 \citep{WESTWOOD2}	
	\item In 2000, Sony, Sanyo, and Kenwood became licensees of Symbian. \citep{ANCARANI}	
	\item In February 2000, Symbian joined with IBM to develop PDAs based on EPOC software.  \citep{ANCARANI}	
	\item In April 2000, Symbian formed an alliance with Sony for using EPOC on all Sony PDAs. \citep{ANCARANI}	
\end{itemize}


\noindent 2001:
\begin{itemize}
	\item Nokia shipped its 9210 phone, which was running with Symbian \citep{WESTWOOD2}	
	\item In August 2001 Symbian linked up with Intel to integrate Epoc with Intel's chip technology.  \citep{ANCARANI}	
	\item Nokia announces plans to license Series 60 user interface to other firms \citep{WESTWOOD2}	
\end{itemize}


\noindent 2002:
\begin{itemize}
	\item CEO, Colly Myers, resigned in February 2002 and was replaced two months later by David Levin. \citep{WESTWOOD2} \& (Track 2: 1:05)
	\item In the end of 2002, the Platinum program had attracted 100 companies \citep{WESTWOOD2}	
	\item Symbian experienced uninterrupted exponential growth from 2002-2007 \citep{WESTWOOD2}	
	\item Research in Motion with its proprietary BlackBerry platform (2002) enters the market \citep{WESTWOOD2}	
	\item In 2002, Siemens and Sony-Ericsson became shareholders of Symbian \citep{ANCARANI}	
\end{itemize}


\noindent 2003:
\begin{itemize}
	\item Motorola sells Symbian shares to Nokia and Psion \citep{WESTWOOD2}	
\end{itemize}


\noindent 2004: 	
\begin{itemize}
	\item Psion sells shares to Nokia, Sony Ericsson, Matsushita, and Siemens \citep{WESTWOOD2}	
	\item 1000 employees  \citep{WESTWOOD2}	
	\item The Symbian platform had a 6\% market share in the US mobile device \citep{WESTWOOD2}	
	\item Symbian suffered from a lack of pricing power, from 2004 onward \citep{WESTWOOD2}	
	\item From 2004 onward, Nokia accounted for the majority of all Symbian unit sales. \citep{WESTWOOD2}	
\end{itemize}	


\noindent 2005:
\begin{itemize}
	\item Symbian achieved its first operating profit in 2005, \citep{WESTWOOD2}	
	\item Symbian had considered creating its own application store back in 2005 - but abandoned the project due (in part) to a lack of resources. \citep{WESTWOOD2}	
	\item Symbian had always embraced and encouraged third-party developers, making an attempt to woo them in 2005 through Symbian Signed \citep{BEST}
	\item David Levin left Symbian (Track 2 : 1:05)
\end{itemize}


\noindent 2006:
\begin{itemize}
	\item The Platinum program had attracted nearly 300 companies \citep{WESTWOOD2}	
	\item In early 2006, Symbian was forced by shareholder- customers to adopt a reduce royalty schedule \citep{WESTWOOD2}	
	\item Symbian picked up on the web browsing trend early, making a WebKit based browser available \citep{BEST, WESTWOOD2}
\end{itemize}


\noindent 2007:
\begin{itemize}
	\item From 2007 onward it lost market share and developer loyalty with the introduction of the iPhone and Android platforms  \citep{WESTWOOD2}	
	\item November 2007, Symbian began developing a new partner program to meet two key objectives (to increase the efficiency of the program and creation of an improved extranet ) \citep{WESTWOOD2}	
	\item Symbian OS was estimated to account for 65\% of all smartphones  \citep{WESTWOOD2}	
	\item 2007 marked the high water mark for both Symbian unit sales, but also for its influence on buyers, complementors, handset makers and public perceptions. \citep{WESTWOOD2}	
	\item Apple with its iPhone platform (2007) enter the market \citep{WESTWOOD2}	
\end{itemize}


\noindent 2008:
\begin{itemize}
	\item Symbian would become a Nokia subsidiary and license its source code as open source software. \citep{WESTWOOD2}	
	\item Nokia bought bought all the shares \citep{BEST, WESTWOOD2}
	\item Nokia announces plans to buy out remaining 52.1\% of shares, and to create a single unified platform  \citep{WESTWOOD2}	
	\item Google with its Android open source operating system (2008) enter the market \citep{WESTWOOD2}	
	\item In July 2008, Apple launched the iPhone App Store and the RIM store \citep{WESTWOOD2}
	\item November 2008, Nokia completes acquisition of Symbian Ltd., which ceases to exist as an independent entity \citep{WESTWOOD2}	
\end{itemize}


\noindent 2009:
\begin{itemize}
	\item Nokia created Symbian Foundation in early 2009 \citep{WESTWOOD2}	
	\item Nokia did open the Ovi store in 2009 to sell Symbian apps  \citep{BEST}
	\item David Wood left the Symbian Foundation (Track 1: 1:00)
\end{itemize}


\noindent 2010:
\begin{itemize}
	\item In February 2010, the foundation released all of the Symbian OS source code \citep{WESTWOOD2}	
	\item In October 2010 both Samsung and Sony Ericsson announced they would no longer develop Symbian phones. \citep{WESTWOOD2}	
\end{itemize}


\noindent 2011:
\begin{itemize}
	\item In January 2011, Nokia announced that starting in 2012, it would be using Microsoft's Windows Phone platform instead of Symbian \citep{WESTWOOD2}	
\end{itemize}


\noindent 2012:
\begin{itemize}
	\item Nokia releases Nokia 808 PureView, which becomes its last Symbian handset \citep{WESTWOOD2}	
\end{itemize}


\noindent 2016:
\begin{itemize}
	\item That outsourcing deal will close in 2016, and is unlikely to be renewed. \citep{BEST}
\end{itemize}


